Macro Grammars and Holistic Triggering for Efficient Semantic Parsing

To learn a semantic parser from denotations, a learning algorithm must search over a combinatorially large space of logical forms for ones consistent with the annotated denotations. We propose a new online learning algorithm that searches faster as training progresses. The two key ideas are using macro grammars to cache the abstract patterns of useful logical forms found thus far, and holistic triggering to efficiently retrieve the most relevant patterns based on sentence similarity. On the WikiTableQuestions dataset, we first expand the search space of an existing model to improve the state-of-the-art accuracy from 38.7% to 42.7%, and then use macro grammars and holistic triggering to achieve an 11x speedup and an accuracy of 43.7%.Comment: EMNLP 201

Exploring the Urbanization Pattern of “Low Carbon and Efficiency Implied Mutually”

AbstractThe large cities such as London, New York and Shanghai are tended to create lots of employment opportunities, but per capita carbon emissions are huge. It is a vital problem about how to provide enough employment opportunities and reduce per capita carbon emissions during the process of urbanization in China. The main of this article think “the Zipf-type city system in area “can achieve the goal of “efficiency and low carbine”

Quickest Change Detection with Leave-one-out Density Estimation

The problem of quickest change detection in a sequence of independent observations is considered. The pre-change distribution is assumed to be known, while the post-change distribution is completely unknown. A window-limited leave-one-out (LOO) CuSum test is developed, which does not assume any knowledge of the post-change distribution, and does not require any post-change training samples. It is shown that, with certain convergence conditions on the density estimator, the LOO-CuSum test is first-order asymptotically optimal, as the false alarm rate goes to zero. The analysis is validated through numerical results, where the LOO-CuSum test is compared with baseline tests that have distributional knowledge

Optimal Reinsurance-Investment Strategy for a Monotone Mean-Variance Insurer in the Cram\'er-Lundberg Model

As classical mean-variance preferences have the shortcoming of non-monotonicity, portfolio selection theory based on monotone mean-variance preferences is becoming an important research topic recently. In continuous-time Cram\'er-Lundberg insurance and Black-Scholes financial market model, we solve the optimal reinsurance-investment strategies of insurers under mean-variance preferences and monotone mean-variance preferences by the HJB equation and the HJBI equation, respectively. We prove the validity of verification theorems and find that the optimal strategies under the two preferences are the same. This illustrates that neither the continuity nor the completeness of the market is necessary for the consistency of two optimal strategies. We make detailed explanations for this result. Thus, we develop the existing theory of portfolio selection problems under the monotone mean-variance criterion

Phronesis And Virtue of Character:The Making of Morally Right Goals in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics

Honors (Bachelor's)PhilosophyUniversity of Michiganhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139666/1/ycliang.pd

China’s Foreign Policy in the ‘Going Out’ Era: An Analysis of China’s Zambia Policy

This dissertation analyses Chinese foreign policymaking in the context of Sino-Zambian relations in the ‘Going Out’ era (1997-2022). China’s foreign policymaking system tends to be regarded as a ‘black box’ by foreign observers, owing to their limited access to it. In particular, Western researchers’ ability to understand Chinese foreign policymaking is stymied by impediments such as language barriers and difficulties in gaining access to key actors inside the system. Unusually in this context, this dissertation presents the findings of twelve elite interviews with senior officials that shed new light on the Chinese foreign policymaking process. Situated theoretically within a fragmented authoritarianism framework that rejects the conventional image of Chinese foreign policymaking as centralised, top-down, and highly coordinated, the dissertation instead explores how Chinese foreign policy is made “on the ground,” with all the messiness, confusion, and contradictions this entails. In the process, the dissertation develops the concept of “policy lagging” in order to explain some of the notable failures of China’s foreign policy when it comes to Zambia. It finds that China’s foreign policymaking system is surprisingly ineffective at coordinating the various actors involved in the process. Furthermore, communication between those actors is compromised by a system of policy-related information flows that is not fit for purpose. China’s foreign policymaking system proves to be insufficiently proactive: policy adoptions are slow to occur, and important matters escalate before resolutions can be found. These problems are exacerbated by policymakers’ willingness to justify policy failures and their unwillingness to make timely policy adaptions